- Sperm Motility grading.

Sperm Motility grading.

(Human sperm stained for semen quality testing in the clinical laboratory.)

• Grade 1: sperm are immotile meaning that they fail to move at all.
• Grade 2: sperm are labeled as non-progressive motility because they do not move forward despite the fact that they move their tails.
• Grade 3: sperm (non-linear motility) also move forward but tend to travel in a curved or crooked motion.
• Grade 4: sperm are known to have progressive motility meaning they are the strongest and swim fast in a straight line.

Ideal sperm quality dictates that a man should have grade 3 or 4 sperm in order to fertilize an egg.

 Dr Ibrahim
Return to list of medical grades (click here) 

- Placental diseases.

Placental diseases

A placenta disease is a condition where normal function of the placenta is impaired.

"Cinder" قطعة خشب محروقة 

Calcification.

Infection (syphilis and TB).
Infarction (PIH,DM,Lupus erythematosis).

Neoplasms.
Degeneration of placenta:following calcification and infarction.
Erytheroblastosis fetalis.
Retroplacental Heamatoma (abruption placenta).

Dr Ibrahim

- Saint's triad.

Saint's triad.

It is a common association of:-

1. Gall stones.
2. Hiatal Hernia
3. Diverticulosis coli.

Dr Ibrahim

Return to other triads here.

- Malignant Mesothelioma.

Malignant Mesothelioma.

Def:-

It is a rare form of cancer that develops from the protective lining that covers many of the body's internal organs,known as the mesothelium.

(CXR demonstrating Mesothelioma of left lower lung)

Sites:-

• Pleura. (is the most common form of the disease, accounting for roughly 70% of cases).
• Peritoneum.
• The pericardium (1).
• The tunica vaginalis.

- Exercise and COPD.

Exercise and COPD.

• Exercise and staying active are an important part of rehabilitation for chronic obstructive lung disease. 
• Regular exercise can help you feel less short of breath.
• Regular exercise improves your heart and muscles.
• It can help you feel good about yourself.